Cov Txheej Txheem Ultrasound - Pom Tej Yam Tsis Pom Nrog Cov Suab Nrov

Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no tau hloov pauv cov duab kho mob los ntawm cov duab anatomical static mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas dynamic functional, txhua yam tsis muaj ionizing radiation. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav txog physics, kev siv hauv kev kho mob, thiab cov kev hloov tshiab tshiab hauv kev kuaj mob ultrasound.

Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Lub Cev
Kev siv tshuab ultrasound kho mob ua haujlwm ntawm 2-18MHz zaus. Cov nyhuv piezoelectric hloov lub zog hluav taws xob mus rau hauv kev co tshuab hauv lub transducer. Lub sijhawm-nce kev them nyiaj (TGC) kho rau qhov tob-nyob ntawm qhov attenuation (0.5-1 dB/cm/MHz). Axial kev daws teeb meem nyob ntawm wavelength (λ = c/f), thaum lateral kev daws teeb meem cuam tshuam rau qhov dav ntawm beam.

Lub Sijhawm Hloov Pauv

• 1942: Karl Dussik thawj daim ntawv thov kho mob (kev thaij duab lub hlwb)
• Xyoo 1958: Ian Donald tsim tau lub tshuab ultrasound rau kev yug me nyuam
• Xyoo 1976: Cov cuab yeej hloov pauv analog scan ua rau muaj kev thaij duab grey-scale
• 1983: Xim Doppler tau qhia los ntawm Namekawa thiab Kasai
• 2012: FDA pom zoo thawj cov khoom siv me me hauv hnab tshos

Cov Qauv Kev Kho Mob

1. B-hom
   Kev thaij duab yooj yim nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem qis dua 0.1 hli
2. Cov Txuj Ci Doppler

• Xim Doppler: Kev kos duab ceev (Nyquist txwv 0.5-2m / s)
• Lub zog Doppler: 3-5 zaug rhiab heev rau qhov ntws qeeb
• Spectral Doppler: Ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm qhov mob stenosis (PSV ratios >2 qhia txog >50% carotid stenosis)

3. Cov Txuj Ci Siab Tshaj Plaws

• Kev ntsuas Elastography (Kev tawv ntawm daim siab >7.1kPa qhia tias daim siab fibrosis F2)
• Kev siv tshuab ultrasound uas muaj xim sib txawv (SonoVue microbubbles)
• 3D/4D duab (Voluson E10 ua tiav 0.3 hli voxel kev daws teeb meem)

Cov Ntawv Thov Tshiab

• Kev Siv Ultrasound Uas Muaj Kev Pom Zoo (FUS)
  • Kev kho mob kub hnyiab (85% ntawm cov neeg muaj sia nyob tau 3 xyoos hauv kev co tshee tseem ceeb)
  • Kev qhib ntawm cov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv rau kev kho mob Alzheimer's
• Kev Siv Ultrasound Hauv Chaw Saib Xyuas (POCUS)
  • Kev kuaj mob FAST (98% rhiab heev rau hemoperitoneum)
  • Cov kab B ntawm lub ntsws ultrasound (qhov tseeb 93% rau qhov o ntawm lub ntsws)

Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab

1. CMUT Kev Siv Tshuab
   Cov transducers ultrasonic micromachined capacitive ua rau muaj bandwidth dav heev (3-18MHz) nrog 40% fractional bandwidth.
2. Kev Sib Koom Tes AI

• Samsung S-Shearwave muab kev ntsuas elastography uas AI coj los
• Kev suav EF tsis siv neeg qhia txog 0.92 kev sib raug zoo nrog MRI lub plawv

3. Kev Hloov Pauv Tes
   Butterfly iQ+ siv 9000 MEMS cov ntsiab lus hauv kev tsim ib lub chip, hnyav tsuas yog 205g xwb.
4. Cov Ntawv Thov Kho Mob
   Kev siv tshuaj histotripsy los tshem cov qog nqaij hlav uas tsis yog kev phais mob nrog kev siv acoustic cavitation (kev sim tshuaj rau mob qog nqaij hlav hauv siab).

Cov Kev Sib Tw Txuj Ci

• Kev kho qhov tsis sib xws ntawm theem hauv cov neeg mob rog dhau
• Qhov tob nkag mus tsawg (15cm ntawm 3MHz)
• Cov txheej txheem txo qis suab nrov Speckle
• Cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj rau cov kab ke kuaj mob raws li AI

Kev lag luam ultrasound thoob ntiaj teb ($ 8.5B hauv xyoo 2023) tab tom raug hloov kho dua los ntawm cov tshuab nqa tau, uas tam sim no suav txog 35% ntawm kev muag khoom. Nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li kev thaij duab super-resolution (pom cov hlab ntsha 50μm) thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm neural, ultrasound txuas ntxiv txhais cov ciam teb ntawm kev kuaj mob tsis muaj kev phais.